Cristina, M Sanchez
| Cristina, M Sanchez |
Cristina M Sanchez,Temitope T Omolehinwa, Adeyinka F Dayo
Adeyinka F Dayo
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine
Introduction
Rationale: To assess radiographic patterns and the periodontal status of HIV patients utilizing primarily CBCT imaging in conjunction with clinical periodontal indices. Patients living with HIV are at high risk for changes in the state of their oral health, including periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory host-mediated process in response to harmful microbes present in plaque biofilm leading to destruction of the periodontium. While two-dimensional intraoral radiography such as bitewing and panoramic radiographs are amply used to determine alveolar bone status and periodontal bone loss, their use is limited to evaluating mesio-distal bony architecture with no information on the bucco-lingual aspects of bone. The recent increase in availability of CBCT imaging has proven useful in assessing alveolar bone in periodontitis. Several in-vitro studies have indicated that CBCT can accurately provide 3D morphology of periodontal defects including buccal and lingual alveolar bone thickness, furcation involvement, and fenestration. Most of the present studies on periodontal status in HIV patients are primarily centered around clinical periodontal findings, such as probing depths and clinical attachment loss. The objective of this study is to evaluate CBCT imaging in HIV-positive patients, in conjunction with clinical periodontal indices, to determine the periodontal status and overall radiologic findings of these patients. We hypothesize that there will be an increase in prevalence of periodontal bone loss among the HIV cohort.
Methods
A case-control study was carried out on 60 patients (30 HIV-positive patients and 30 controls) from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, who had CBCT imaging on file. Age, gender, race, diabetes status, medications, and social history were extracted from the electronic health record of each patient. Each CBCT was reviewed by two researchers and assessed for bone pattern (normal vs. sclerotic), periodontal findings, and incidental findings. Clinical periodontal indices included Periodontal Screening Index (PSI) values, # of bleeding points, # of teeth with mobility, # of furcation points, # of suppuration points, and # of pocket depths greater than 4mm. Lastly, the number of remaining maxillary and mandibular teeth were recorded for each patient.
Results
Pending. Bivariate analysis will be performed to determine the associations between the variables tested. The incidental findings between the HIV positive and non-HIV positive groups will be evaluated to determine statistically significant associations.
Conclusion
HIV is a condition that affects multiple systems, including oral health. An understanding of radiographic patterns that present among this cohort will be impactful.